Научни събития
VII Simposio Español de Estudios Polaresq 2006
207
Comparative biological and monitoring research of Gentoo penguins
(Pygoscelis papua) in terms of their conservation as a living resource
R. Metcheva(1), V. Golemanski(1), P. Zehtindjiev(1), K. Dimitrov(1), M. Beltcheva(1), V.
Bezrukov (2), L. Yurukova(3), Y. Yankov(4)
(1) Institute of Zoology BAS, 1 Tzar Osvoboditel, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria, rummech@yahoo.com
(2) Nat.University of Kyiv, 64 Volodymyrska Str., 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine, bezrukov@gmail.com
(3) Institute of Botany BAS, 23 G.Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria, yur7lild@bio.bas.bg
(4) Bulgarian Antarctic Institute, 15 Tzar Osvoboditel, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria, lz2uu@yahoo.com
Penguins are significant marine recourses with a substantial economic effect by the reason of the increasing Antarctic tourism. Gentoos are important organisms in the Antarctic marine ecosystem. They accumulate the changes occurring in the lower levels of the trophic pyramid and they are used as long-term indicators for environmental changes connected with human impact. Comparative biological and monitoring investigations are realized for their long term conservation as a biological resource. Different aspects of anthropogenic influence are investigated. This impact has a complex nature and its investigation was realised applying a multidisciplinary approach. The species adaptation response – population size and characteristics, morphology, introduced microorganism, parasite infection and bioaccumulation of toxic elements are
examined. Two colonies with different tourist impact – unvisited (Livingston island) and visited (Peterman and Wienke islands) sites are compared. Data concerning the human impact on the behavior and population size and structure are obtained. Preliminary data about the existence of a genetic relationship between South Shetlands and the most southern points of Gentoo’s distribution were obtained. Extensive morphological analyses were performed. A comparison between morphological and DNA approach for sexing was made. The nature of a newly desrcibed coloration of the bill ia disscussed. Coccidian and microbial infection and the toxic elements contents in Pygoscelis papua ellsworthi from unvisited and visited colonies are investigated. The subject of this investigation is prolonged with the endorsed in IPY full propsal with ID # 379. The summarized results will allow lying down improved recommendations towards Antarctic tour-operators for better long-term conservation of Gentoo’s colonies as attractive resource species
12 - 14 th July SCAR XXIX / COMNAP XVIII-Hobart, Tasmania, 2006
430 THE VERNADSKY STATION AREA WEST ANTARCTIC PENINSULA ENVIRONMENT STATE STUDY A.V. Andreev1, A.A. Andreev1, V.F. Bezrukov1, V.A. Lytvynov2, S.G. Korsun4, S.B. Kovalenok2, M.A. Kursa1, R.P. Metcheva3, G.P. Milinevsky2, V.R. Morozenko1, S.E. Shnyukov1 1National Tarasa Shevchenka University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, 2National Antarctic Scientific Center of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, 3Institute of Zoology Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria, 4Agriculture Institute of Ukraine Academy Agriculture Science, Kyiv, Ukraine The analysis of the various origins objects were performed during 2001 - 2005 years for estimation the heavy metal content and some toxic elements in the region of West Antarctic Peninsula. The samples were collected in the Ukraine Antarctic Vernadsky Station area (West Antarctic Peninsula) that is a typical region of human activity in Antarctica. In the period 2001- 2005 during Antarctic season the biological monitoring has been performed at six different sites located in the Argentine Islands, Jalour Islands and Petermann Island. Several samples have been collected on Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands). Samples were separated into 4 groups: (1) sediments (sea bottom and fresh water lake), (2) soils substrates, (3) mosses and lichens, (4) gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) molting feathers, embryo from dead eggs, and penguin guano (feces). The following analytical methods for macro-, microand trace elements were used: XRF-analysis, atomic absorptive analysis after dry ashing. The main method is based on XRF multi-element analysis with 1 – 10 mg/kg detection limit for an element with atomic number larger than 20. The mean content of the Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Pb elements was determined. The elements Fe, Cu, Zn were used for discussion and analysis comparison. The wide variation of heavy metal in the upper soil substrate organogenic layer at Antarctic Peninsula islands was obtained. Accumulation of chemical elements is partly explained by existence of geochemical barriers of physical and chemical character. For definition of the reasons, which cause existence various on a degree of accumulation of biogenic elements and heavy metals of geochemical areas in the certain territory of Antarctica, there is a necessity for application of monitoring on a landscapegeochemical basis. The work was partly supported by grant INTAS-2001-0517.
Paramethers of chromosomal instability in Gentoo penguins Pygoscelis papua from Livingston Island (Antarctica)
Author
Metcheva, Roumiana Dr., Sofia, Institute of zoology
Co-author(s)
Nedialkova, Michaela , Sofia, Institute of zoology Bulgaria
Keywords
chromosomal instability,micronuclei,nuclear anomalies,Pygoscelis papua
The analysis of parameters of chromosomal instability of Pygoscelis papua was carried out. The rates of micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in mature peripferal blood erithrocytes was selected as main end-points of chromosomal instability.
Micronuclei are widely accepted paramethers of chromosomal instability. The possible mechanisms of formation and applications of studied parameters of Pygoscelis papua are discussed.